The Health Empathy Map as an instrument of reflection in a non-care teaching scenario / Mapa da Empatia em Saúde como instrumento de reflexão em cenário de ensino não assistencial

Abstract: Introduction: The development of empathy during graduation aims at forming graduates who are more prepared to build a good relationship with their patients. The health empathy map (HEM) is an adapted tool with the purpose of developing empathy in students and future doctors using self-reflection. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of using the HEM, in the tutorial group scenario, on the empathy score measured by the Jefferson scale and in the assessment of the students' empathic relationship with their patients. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study that used a mixed-method approach, in the explanatory plan modality carried out with 56 students from the 5th semester of the undergraduate medical course at José do Rosário Vellano University, UNIFENAS-BH. The students were divided into two groups: G1: students who used the HEM in the tutorial group (TG) strategy and G2: students who did not use HEM in the TG. All students completed a sociodemographic questionnaire at the beginning of the study and the Jefferson Empathy Scale at the beginning and the end of the study. Statistical analyses were performed comparing the JSPE-Br scores between the groups and the study phases, and the HEM content analysis was performed. Results: The global empathy score was high in all phases of the study and did not differ between the groups. The content analysis revealed that the HEM encouraged students to reflect on the patients' conditions, based on the mainstays of empathy, and considering the reading of their narratives. The reflections ranged from the biomedical aspects to complex socio-affective perspectives. Conclusion: HEM stimulated the students' empathic reflection in a non-care setting and was able to identify the scope of the reflections, allowing the different perspectives to be discussed.

Resumo: Introdução: O desenvolvimento da empatia durante a graduação tem a finalidade de formar egressos com mais preparo na construção de uma boa relação com seu paciente. O Mapa da Empatia em Saúde (MES) é uma ferramenta adaptada com o propósito de desenvolver, por meio da autorreflexão, a empatia dos estudantes e futuros médicos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito do uso do MES na empatia autorrelatada em estudantes de Medicina no cenário de grupo tutorial (GT) e analisar as características das reflexões realizadas. Método: Trata-se de estudo quase experimental, com abordagem de métodos mistos, na modalidade plano explicativo, realizado com 59 estudantes do terceiro ano da Unifenas de Belo Horizonte. Quarenta e um estudantes utilizaram o MES no GT, e 18 fizeram o GT de forma habitual. No início do estudo, os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à Escala de Empatia de Jefferson (JSPE-Br), a qual foi reaplicada ao final. Realizaram-se análises estatísticas em que se compararam os escores da JSPE-Br entre os grupos e as fases do estudo, e fez-se ainda a análise de conteúdo do MES. Resultado: O escore global de empatia se mostrou elevado em todas as fases e não diferiu entre os grupos. A análise de conteúdo revelou que o MES estimulou os estudantes a refletir sobre o quadro dos pacientes, com base nos pilares da empatia, a partir da leitura de suas narrativas. As reflexões variaram de aspectos biomédicos a perspectivas socioafetivas complexas. Conclusão: O MES estimulou a reflexão empática dos estudantes em cenário não assistencial e foi capaz de identificar a abrangência das reflexões, o que possibilitou as diferentes perspectivas a serem discutidas aqui.

Desenvolvimento de uma medida de qualidade da comunicação entre os membros das equipes de trabalho / A way to measure the quality of the communication between work team members / Desarrollo de una medida de calidad de la comunicación entre los miembros de los equipos de trabajo

Um elemento predominante na literatura sobre equipes é a importância da comunicação para um bom desempenho. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala que mensura a qualidade da comunicação nas equipes de trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de duas coletas de dados com indivíduos que atuam em equipes, com 318 e 204 participantes e média de idade de 37,94 anos (DP = 12,85) e 41,04 anos (DP = 11,28), respectivamente. Foram executadas análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, bem como análise de correlação entre a qualidade da comunicação e a efetividade, avaliada por meio da satisfação com o trabalho em equipe e do desempenho. A escala de qualidade da comunicação apresentou uma estrutura interna de dois fatores (Efetividade e Falhas na Comunicação), com valores de fidedignidade adequados e índices razoáveis na análise fatorial confirmatória (CFI = 0,90; RMSEA= 0,08). Ademais, os dois fatores mencionados apresentaram correlações significativas com a satisfação e o desempenho, demonstrando a capacidade preditiva da medida. Os resultados demonstram a pertinência da medida, que constitui uma ferramenta de diagnóstico da comunicação e propicia a implementação de ações para o fortalecimento de práticas de comunicação efetiva ou para remover as falhas identificadas.

A predominant element in the literature of teams is the importance of commu-nication for good performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale that measures the quality of communication in work teams. The research was carried out through two data collections with individuals who work in teams, with 318 and 204 participants and average age of 37.94 years (SD = 12.85) and 41.04 years (SD = 11.28), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis and correlation analysis between the quality of the communication and the effectiveness, evalu-ated through the satisfaction with the work team and team performance, were performed. The communication quality scale presented a solution with two factors (Effectiveness and Communication Failures), with adequate reliability values and indexes in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.08). In addition, the two factors presented significant correlations with satisfaction and performance, thus demonstrating the predictive capacity of the measure. Findings demonstrate the relevance of the measure, which constitutes a communication diagnostic tool and enables actions that strengthen effective communication practices or remove identified flaws.

Un elemento predominante en la literatura sobre equipos es la importancia de la comunicación para un buen desempeño. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala que mide la calidad de la comunicación en los equipos de trabajo. La investigación se realizó a través de dos recolectas de datos con personas que actúan en equipos, con 318 y 204 participantes y una edad promedio de 37,94 años (DE = 12,85) y 41,04 años (DE = 11,28), respectivamente. Se ejecutaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, así como correlaciones entre la calidad de la comunicación y la efectividad, evaluada por medio de la satisfacción con el trabajo en equipo y del desempeño. La escala de calidad de la comunicación presentó una estructura interna organizada en dos factores (Efectividad y Fallas de la comunicación), con valores de confiabilidad adecuados e índices razonables en el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFI = 0,90; RMSEA = 0,08). Además, los dos factores mencionados mostraron correlaciones significativas con la satisfacción y el desempeño, demostrando la capacidad predictiva de la medida. Los resultados demuestran la relevancia de la medida, que constituye una herramienta de diagnóstico de la comunicación y permite la implemen-tación de acciones para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas de comunicación efectiva o para remover las fallas identificadas.

A dimensional measure of schizotypy: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences short version for Brazilian Portuguese (O-LIFE-S)

Abstract Introduction The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) is a widely-used scale, and the first to include a dimensional approach to understanding schizotypy. Objective To adapt the short version of the O-LIFE (O-LIFE-S) into Brazilian Portuguese. Method a) Two independent bilingual professionals translated the original instrument into Brazilian Portuguese; b) a third bilingual professional summarized the two translations; c) a fourth bilingual expert translated the Portuguese version back into English; d) this back-translation was adjusted by a committee of psychology experts; e) a pilot study was conducted with 10 participants from the general population. Results O-LIFE-S was considered ready to be used in a formal validation study in Brazil. Conclusion The scale appears to cover the dimensional approach to schizotypy. However, a future validation study needs to be conducted to determine the internal consistency and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the O-LIFE-S .

Translation and cultural adaptation of the DSM-5 Personality Inventory - Brief Form (PID-5-BF)

Abstract Introduction The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 - Brief Form (PID-5-BF) - is an instrument for assessment of the five pathological personality traits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorders. Objectives To determine the psychometric properties of the version of the PID-5-BF translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process of translating and cross-culturally adapting the text was carried out by independent translators and the resulting version was administered to 176 patients in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul. The internal structure was tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Evidence of reliability was tested by examining the internal consistency of the scales and their convergent and concurrent validity with other methods of psychopathology. Results The five factors were replicated in the present sample with adequate indicators of fit of the data to the model. Appropriate reliability coefficients for the scales and evidence of validity were observed, indicating the clinical usefulness of the PID-5-BF in the Brazilian context. Conclusion The psychometric properties of PID-5-BF proved satisfactory in an initial sample of Brazilians.

Cross-cultural adaptation and translation into Brazilian Portuguese of the instruments Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA)

Abstract Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) affect up to 13% of young people and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, important, internationally recognized instruments for brief ED screening (Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire [SCOFF]), symptom severity assessment and diagnosis (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire [EDE-Q]) and assessment of ED-associated psychosocial impairment (Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire [CIA]) were not yet available in Brazilian Portuguese. Our objective was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and translation into Brazilian Portuguese of the instruments SCOFF, EDE-Q and CIA. Method The process involved a series of standardized steps, as well as discussions with experts. First, the relevance and adequacy of the scales' items to our culture and population were extensively discussed. Then, two independent groups translated the original documents, creating versions that were compared. With the participation of external ED experts (i.e., who did not take part in the translation process), synthesized versions were produced. The syntheses were then applied to a focal group of patients with ED (n = 8). After that step, a preliminary version of the three scales in Brazilian Portuguese was produced and sent for back-translation by two English native speakers, who worked independently. A synthesis of the back-translations, along with the preliminary versions in Brazilian Portuguese, were sent to the original authors. Results The Brazilian Portuguese versions of SCOFF, EDE-Q and CIA were approved by the original authors and are now available for use. Conclusion This study provides important tools for the ED research field in Brazil.

The Brazilian-adapted Working Alliance Inventory: preliminary report on the psychometric properties of the original and short revised versions

Abstract Introduction Alliance is an essential component of all psychotherapies and a consistent predictor of its outcomes. The Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) is a widely used and psychometrically sound measure of alliance. It assesses three key aspects of the construct: a) agreement on the tasks of therapy; b) agreement on the therapeutic goals; and c) development of an affective bond. Objective To preliminarily analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of both the original, 36-item WAI, and of the short form revised, 16-item version (WAI-SR). Methods The sample comprised 201 psychodynamic psychotherapy patients. Alliance assessments were made after the 4th treatment session. Results The inventory adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, in both the original and short forms, appears to be reliable and valid to measure alliance and its dimensions by clients in psychotherapy. Further studies are needed to replicate and expand the findings.

Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI): translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Introduction Depression is possibly not a single syndrome but rather comprises several subtypes. DSM-5 proposes a melancholia specifier with phenotypic characteristics that could be associated with clinical progression, biological markers or therapeutic response. The Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI) is a prototypic scale aimed to improve the diagnosis of melancholia. So far, there is only an English version of the instrument available. The aim of this study is to describe the translation and adaptation of the English version of the SMPI into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the self-report (SMPI-SR) and clinician-rated (SMPI-CR) versions into Brazilian Portuguese were done following recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). This guideline includes the following steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, back translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, debriefing results review, proofreading and final report. Results The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the SMPI were well-accepted by respondents. Changes in about two-thirds of the items were considered necessary to obtain the final Brazilian Portuguese version of the SMPI. Conclusions Both versions of the SMPI are now available in Brazilian Portuguese. The instrument could become an important option to enhance studies on melancholia in Portuguese-speaking samples.

Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva: Análisis de sus propiedades psicométricas / Subjective Happiness Scale: Analysis of your psychometric properties

Resumen El análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva ha reportado datos que indican problemas con el ítem 4, lo que ha conducido a algunos autores a plantear una supresión hipotética del mismo. Este ítem, formulado en términos negativos y comparativos de manera simultánea, aparece desde la versión original de la escala; sin embargo, las anomalías psicométricas informadas plantean la necesidad de analizar la pertinencia de una versión de tres ítems de la escala. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo central comparar las propiedades psicométricas de dos versiones de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (una de cuatro ítems y otra de tres ítems). Para el logro de este objetivo se llevó a cabo un estudio instrumental mediante el análisis de una base de datos configurada por 372 participantes, provenientes de cuatro estudios previos donde se aplicó dicha escala. Los resultados indican una superioridad de la versión de tres ítems de la escala al presentar un mayor nivel de confiabilidad y mejores valores en el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se recomienda el uso de la versión de tres ítems en población mexicana y analizar la pertinencia de aumentar la escala de valores de la posible respuesta.

Abstract The analysis of the psychometric properties of the Subjective Happiness Scale has reported data indicating problems with item 4, which has led some authors to propose a hypothetical suppression of it. This item, formulated in negative and comparative terms simultaneously, appears from the original version of the scale; however, the psychometric anomalies reported raise the need to analyze the relevance of a three-item version of the scale. In this sense, the present study has as a central objective to compare the psychometric properties of two versions of the Subjective Happiness Scale (one of four items and another of three items). To achieve this objective, an instrumental study was carried out by analyzing a database configured by 372 participants from four previous studies where this scale was applied. The results indicate a superiority of the three-item version of the scale by presenting a higher level of reliability and better values in the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. It is recommended to use the three-item version in the Mexican population and analyze the relevance of increasing the scale of values of the possible response.

Work Environment Evaluation Instrument (WEEI): development, validation, and association with burnout

Abstract Introduction Physician burnout is considered an epidemic. In 2019, 44% of U.S. physicians reported feeling burned out. The work environment is a central risk factor for this. The aim of this study is to develop and test an instrument to evaluate work environment factors in medical training courses. Method After focus groups, an initial pool of 14 items was generated and tested in a pilot study (n = 66). Face validity was verified, and small adjustments were made. The resulting version was administered to a sample of 115 psychiatry residents. Eleven items were selected based on the correlations between them, principal component analysis, and theoretical reasons, and then tested for internal and construct validity. Results The final version had high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.898) and comprised three dimensions: relations with the institution; with colleagues; and with preceptors. Both total scores and dimensions correlated significantly with burnout scores (p < 0.01). Cutoffs defining the environment as healthy (>32 points); risky (23-31 points); or toxic (<22 points) were suggested and related to the risk of burnout. Conclusion Several authors have emphasized the importance of approaching institutional factors as an effective strategy for coping with the increased prevalence of burnout. This instrument should contribute to these efforts.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Version (IUS-12)

Abstract Introduction The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Version (IUS-12) is a measure of trait intolerance of uncertainty. Objective The purpose of the present study was to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the IUS-12 for use in Brazil and to investigate the scale's psychometric properties. Methods The research was conducted via an online research platform with a sample (n = 704; 80.1% female and 19.9% male) from different states in all five regions of Brazil. Participants were adults between 18 and 59 years of age (mean = 26.74; standard deviation = 8.36) who completed the Brazilian version of the IUS-12 online along with other anxiety-related measures. Results Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the original two-dimensional structure fit the sample well. The total score for the scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha [α] = 0.88), as did both subscales (i.e. Prospective IU α = 0.79; Inhibitory IU α = 0.86). Conclusions The results demonstrated strong positive correlations with measures of anxiety-related constructs, contributing to the transdiagnostic understanding of IU. The IUS-12 appears to be a useful tool for assessment of IU and its availability has several implications of theoretical importance and practical utility for understanding of psychopathology and uncertainty.

Anxiety in Malaysian children and adolescents: validation of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED)

Abstract Objective Use of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) has increased significantly since its publication. Although the validity of the SCARED is well established, most of the samples investigated primarily comprised Caucasian children and, where available, people from Asian cultures such as China. Furthermore, the instrument's utility for screening use in community samples has yet to be validated, although it is commonly advocated for this use. The present study addressed the psychometric properties of the SCARED in a community sample of Malaysian children and adolescents. Method A total of 386 participants from an urban area, aged between 8 and 17, completed the 41-item SCARED. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to investigate the factor structure of the SCARED. Results Internal consistency ratings for the SCARED's total and subscale scores were good, except for School Avoidance. The validity of the SCARED was further demonstrated through a significant correlation with the Internalizing subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In contrast with the five-factor structure proposed for primarily Caucasian samples, factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure for this Malaysian sample. Conclusions These research findings support the validity of the SCARED and its utility as a screening tool in a community sample of Malaysian children and adolescents.

Strategies for eating and body change among Brazilian women and men

Abstract Objectives Our study was conducted to adapt the Body Image and Body Change Inventory (BIBCI) for Portuguese; to evaluate the BIBCI's psychometric properties in samples of university students; to calculate the prevalence of strategies for eating and body change among students; and to evaluate the impact of demographic, social, and anthropometric characteristics on the BIBCI subscales. Methods 798 students (women = 63%) answered the Portuguese translation of the BIBCI and answered a demographic questionnaire. All analyses were performed separately for women and men. The BIBCI's psychometric properties were estimated using confirmatory factor analysis. Mean scores were calculated for each BIBCI subscale. A multivariate regression model was tested to evaluate the impact of demographic, social, and anthropometric characteristics on mean BIBCI subscale scores. Results The psychometric properties of the BIBCI were adequate in the samples analyzed. The BIBCI subscales scores did not differ according to sex. According to the cut-off points adopted, most of the students were classified in the very low category of the BIBCI subscales. For women, characteristics such as self-reported eating assessment, economic class, physical activity level, and work were significant. For men, only physical activity level was significant. Conclusion The Portuguese translation of the BIBCI was presented and its psychometric properties were found to be adequate in the samples analyzed. The models identified significant characteristics that can be used in intervention protocols for preventing inappropriate behaviors in relation to body image and eating.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5) / Adaptação transcultural da versão brasileira do Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5)

Abstract Introduction The Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5) is a self-report instrument developed to screen individuals for binge eating disorder (BED), as defined by the DSM-5. However, this version of the instrument had not been adapted for the Brazilian population. Objective To describe translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QEWP-5 into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QEWP-5 included the following steps: forward translation, comparison of translations and a synthesis version, blind back-translations, comparison of the back translations with the original version, and a comprehensibility test. The comprehensibility test was conducted with a sample of 10 participants with BED or bulimia nervosa and 10 eating disorders experts. Additionally, a Content Validity Index (CVI-I) was calculated for each item and then averaged to produce an index for the entire scale (CVI-Ave), to assess content equivalence. Results Some inconsistencies emerged during the process of translation and adaptation. However, the expert committee solved them by consensus. The participants of the comprehensibility test understood the Brazilian version of QEWP-5 well. Only 2 patients (20%) had doubts about items related to subjective binge eating episodes. Content equivalence analysis rated all items relevant, with CVI-I ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 and an overall CVI-Ave of 0.94. In view of the good overall assessment of the pre-final version of the instrument, additional changes were not made to the final version. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the QEWP-5 was cross-culturally adapted and was well understood by the target population. Further studies are required to assess its psychometric properties.

Resumo Introdução O Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5) - Questionário sobre Padrões de Alimentação e Peso-5 - é um instrumento auto preenchível utilizado para rastrear indivíduos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar (TCA) segundo os critérios do DSM-5. Entretanto, essa versão do instrumento ainda não foi adaptada para a população brasileira. Objetivo Descrever a tradução e adaptação transcultural do QEWP-5 para a língua portuguesa. Métodos O processo de adaptação transcultural incluiu as seguintes etapas: tradução, comparação das traduções e elaboração da versão síntese, retro-tradução com cegamento, comparação das retrotraduções com a versão original, e teste de compreensibilidade. O teste de compreensibilidade foi conduzido em uma amostra de 10 indivíduos com TCA ou bulimia nervosa e 10 especialistas em Transtornos Alimentares. Adicionalmente, foram calculados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para cada item (IVC-I) e para a média da escala (IVC-M), para avaliar a equivalência de conteúdo. Resultados Durante o processo de tradução e adaptação surgiram algumas discrepâncias. No entanto, elas foram solucionadas por meio de consenso do comitê de especialistas. No teste de compreensibilidade, a versão brasileira do QEWP-5 foi bem compreendida pelos participantes. Somente 2 participantes (20%) apresentaram questionamentos sobre itens relacionados aos episódios de compulsão alimentar subjetivos. Em relação à equivalência de conteúdo, todos os itens foram avaliados como relevantes, com o IVC-I variando de 0,8 a 1,0. Ademais, o IVC-M foi 0,94. Considerando a boa avaliação geral da versão pré-final do instrumento, não foram realizadas alterações na versão final. Conclusão A versão brasileira do QEWP-5 foi adaptada transculturalmente e bem compreendida pela população-alvo. Estudos adicionais são necessários para avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas.

Relationship between quality of life, self-esteem and depression in people after kidney transplantation / Relación entre calidad de vida, autoestima y depresión en personas después de trasplante de riñón / Relação entre qualidade de vida, autoestima e depressão em pessoas após transplante renal

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the relationship between health-related quality of life with depression and self-esteem of people after kidney transplantation. Method: a cross-sectional study of 47 outpatients from October 2016 to February 2017. The following tools were applied: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Beck Depression Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation were used. Results: women had lower scores for health-related quality of life. Young adults, people with up to one and a half years of transplantation and those who had dialysis for more than one year had higher scores. Conclusion: the health-related quality of life of people with chronic kidney disease after transplantation ranged from good to excellent. The presence of depression was not identified. The relationship of data indicates that the higher the quality of life, the better the self-esteem assessment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre calidad de vida relacionada con salud, con depresión y autoestima en personas después del trasplante de riñón. Método: estudio transversal de 47 personas en seguimiento ambulatorio de octubre de 2016 a febrero de 2017. Se aplicaron los instrumentos: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Inventario de Depresión de Beck e Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Utilizó estadística descriptiva y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Los adultos, las personas con hasta un año y medio de trasplante y las que se sometieron a diálisis durante más de un año obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas. Conclusión: calidad de vida relacionada con la salud después del trasplante varió de buena a excelente. La relación de los datos indica que cuanto mayor sea la calidad de vida, mejor será la evaluación de la autoestima.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar relação entre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde com depressão e autoestima em pessoas após transplante renal. Método: estudo transversal, com 47 pessoas em acompanhamento ambulatorial, de outubro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram aplicados os instrumentos: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: mulheres apresentaram pontuações mais baixas para qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Adultos jovens, pessoas com até um ano e meio de transplante e as que realizaram diálise por mais de um ano apresentaram pontuações mais altas. Conclusão: a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pessoas com doença renal crônica após o transplante variou de boa a excelente. Não se identificou a presença de depressão. A relação dos dados indica que quanto maior a qualidade de vida, melhor avaliação de autoestima.

Common Mental Disorders and Contemporary Factors: 1982 Birth Cohort / Trastornos mentales comunes y factores contemporáneos: cohorte de nacimientos de 1982 / Transtornos mentais comuns e fatores contemporâneos: coorte de nascimentos de 1982

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the association between common mental disorders and socio-demographic variables, smoking habits and stressful events among the 30-year-old members of a 1982 cohort. Method: Mental disorder was analyzed by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Poisson regression was used to analyze the unadjusted and adjusted associations. Results: Low level of education and stressful events increased the prevalence of mental disorders for both genders. Lower income for women and unemployment for men also remained associated with CMD. Conclusion: It was possible to describe the association between contemporary factors and mental disorders in a young population, to which prevention and control measures, through public policies proposed to the areas of Primary Care, Mental Health and Education, can represent a better quality of life and health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la asociación de trastornos mentales comunes a los 30 años en los miembros de cohorte de 1982 con variables sociodemográficas, tabaquismo y eventos estresores. Método: los trastornos mentales se identificaron mediante el Cuestionario de Autorreporte de Síntomas (SRQ-20). La Regresión de Poisson se utilizó para analizar las asociaciones brutas y ajustadas. Resultados: la poca escolarización y los eventos estresores aumentaron la frecuencia de trastornos en ambos sexos. Los ingresos familiares bajos de las mujeres y la falta de trabajo de los hombres también estaban relacionados. Conclusión: Existe una asociación entre los factores contemporáneos y los trastornos mentales padecidos por los jóvenes, en los que las medidas de prevención y control, a través de políticas públicas en las áreas de Atención Primaria, de Salud Mental y de Educación, pueden representar una mejoría en la calidad de vida e influenciar notablemente en su salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a associação de transtorno mental comum aos 30 anos nos membros da coorte de 1982 com variáveis sociodemográficas, tabagismo e eventos estressores. Método: Transtorno mental foi identificado pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para analisar as associações brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: A baixa escolaridade e os eventos estressores aumentaram a frequência de transtorno em ambos os sexos. A menor renda familiar para mulheres e a falta de trabalho para homens também se mantiveram associadas. Conclusão: Permitiu descrever a associação de fatores contemporâneos com os transtornos mentais em população jovem, na qual as medidas de prevenção e controle, por meio de políticas públicas propostas nas áreas de Atenção Básica, Saúde Mental e Educação, podem representar uma melhor qualidade de vida e de saúde.

Evaluation of training on brief interventions for teachers: health contributions / Evaluación de la capacitación en intervenciones breves para maestros: contribuciones de salud / Avaliação da capacitação em intervenções breves para professores: contribuições da saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the impact of training on brief interventions for use of substances on the attitudes; and, face validity and internal consistency of Brazilian versions of the Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire (DDPPQ-br) and the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) for use among teachers. Methods: methodological (N=122) and quasi-experimental study (n=27). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the DDPPQ-br and the SAAPPQ were applied before and three months after the training. For analysis, were applied the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results: the DDPQ-br and SAAPPQ were considered valid by experts. The training improved teachers' attitudes towards accountability on the approach to substance use at schools and on the readiness to perform this role. In relation to drugs, it increased the perception of support. Conclusions: teachers' training can improve their attitudes and strengthen the school in the function of preventing substance-related harm.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el impacto de la capacitación en intervenciones breves para el uso de sustancias en las actitudes; y, la validez nominal y la consistencia interna de las versiones brasileñas del Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire (DDPPQ-br) y del Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) entre los maestros. Métodos: investigación metodológica (N=122) y cuasi experimental (n=27). Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el DDPPQ-br y el SAAPPQ, antes y tres meses después de la capacitación. Para el análisis, se utilizaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Wilcoxon. Resultados: El DDPQ-br y el SAAPPQ fueron considerados válidos por los especialistas. La capacitación pudo mejorar las actitudes con respecto a la responsabilidad del enfoque del uso de sustancias en la escuela y la disposición para realizar esta función. En relación a las drogas, aumentó la percepción de apoyo. Conclusiones: capacitar a los maestros puede mejorar sus actitudes y fortalecer la escuela en la función de prevenir daños relacionados con el uso de sustancias.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o impacto de uma capacitação em intervenções breves para o uso de substâncias sobre as atitudes e validade de face e consistência interna das versões brasileiras Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire (DDPPQ-br) e Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) entre professores. Métodos: estudo metodológico (N=122) e quase-experimental (n=27). Foram aplicados o questionário sociodemográfico, o DDPPQ-br e o SAAPPQ antes e três meses após a capacitação. Para análise, foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e de Wilcoxon. Resultados: O DDPQ-br e o SAAPPQ foram considerados válidos pelos especialistas. Através da capacitação, foi possível melhorar as atitudes frente a responsabilização sobre a abordagem do uso de substâncias na escola e o preparo para exercer tal função. Em relação às drogas, a percepção de suporte foi potencializada. Conclusões: Capacitar professores pode melhorar suas atitudes e fortalecer a escola na função de prevenir danos relacionados ao uso substâncias.

Tradução para a língua portuguesa e análise das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Patient Generated Index (PGI) para pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: avaliação individualizada de qualidade de vida / Portuguese translation and validation of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) instrument for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: individualized quality of life assessment

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar e validar o Patient Generated Index (PGI) para brasileiros com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Métodos 50 voluntários com DPOC, em sua maioria homens (74%), com 73,1 ± 8,9 anos de idade, VEF1 de 52,3 ± 14,5% do previsto e VEF1/CVF de 56,2 ± 8,6% do previsto, responderam ao PGI e ao Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) e realizaram teste Glittre Activities of Daily Living (Glittre ADL). Após o período de 7-14 dias, o PGI foi novamente aplicado para análise da confiabilidade relativa e absoluta. Resultados A tradução ocorreu sem alterações no questionário. A pontuação obtida no PGI apontou fraca correlação com a pontuação total do SGRQ (r = −0,44; p < 0,001) e com o domínio impacto (r = −0,40; p < 0,05), moderada correlação com o domínio sintomas do SGRQ (r = −0,55; p < 0,001) e fraca correlação com o domínio atividades (r = −0,31; p < 0,05). Foram observadas fraca correlação entre o PGI e o Glittre ADL (r = −0,30; p < 0,05) e alta confiabilidade entre as medidas do PGI (CCIr = 0,94). Conclusão Este estudo mostra que a versão brasileira do PGI é um instrumento confiável e válido para medir a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes com DPOC. Trata-se de uma nova forma individualizada de avaliação de qualidade de vida centrada no paciente com DPOC.

ABSTRACT Objective To translate, adapt and validate the Patient Generated Index (PGI) for Brazilians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 50 volunteers with COPD, mostly men (74%), with 73.1 ± 8.9 years of age, FEV1 of 52.3 ± 14.5% of predicted and FEV1 / FVC of 56.2 ± 8.6% of predicted responded to PGI, to the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and to perform Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre ADL). After 1-2 weeks, PGI was again applied for the analysis of relative and absolute reliability. Results The translation occurred without changes in the questionnaire. The score obtained in PGI had weak correlation with the SGRQ total score (r = -0.44, p <0.001) and with the impact domain (r = -0.40, p <0.05), presented a moderate correlation with the symptoms domain of the SGRQ (r = -0.55, p <0.001) and weak correlation with the activity domain (r = -0.31, p <0.05). A weak correlation was observed between PGI and Glittre ADL (r = -0.30; p <0.05). It was observed high reliability among the measures of PGI (ICCr = 0.94). Conclusion This study shows that the Brazilian version of PGI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD. It is a new and individualized form of evaluation of COPD patient-centered quality of life.

Occupational stress and engagement in primary health care workers / Estrés ocupacional y engagement en trabajadores de atención primaria a la salud / Estresse ocupacional e engagement em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate levels of occupational stress and work engagement among primary health care workers. Method: A descriptive, correlational and transversal study was carried out in a small municipality in the countryside of São Paulo, with a non-probabilistic sample of convenience, with 85 workers. Three self-applied instruments were used: one developed by researchers, containing sociodemographic variables; Work Stress Scale (WSS) and Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results: Prevalence of women (72.6%), 40 years old or more (45.9%), 4 years and 4 months of mean working time in primary care. Thirty-one workers (36.5%) presented significant stress (scores ≥2.5). Work engagement showed a mean of 4.1 (±1.2) to 4.4 (±1.4), classified as high in all dimensions. Occupational stress and work engagement correlated negatively. Conclusion: Workers presented high levels of work engagement; more than one-third had significant occupational stress. Workers with high levels of occupational stress tend to have lower work engagement.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar niveles de estrés ocupacional y engagement en trabajadores de la atención primaria de salud. Método: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, en municipio de pequeño porte del interior paulista, con muestra no probabilística, de conveniencia, con 85 trabajadores. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos auto aplicables: uno elaborado por los investigadores, conteniendo variables sociodemográficas; Escala de Estrés en el trabajo (EET) y Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Resultados: Prevalencia del sexo femenino (72,6%), 40 años o más (45,9%), tiempo mediano de actuación en la atención primaria de 4 años y 4 meses. Treinta y un trabajadores (36,5%) presentaron estrés importante (puntuaciones ≥2,5). Engagement presentó promedios de 4,1 (±1,2) a 4,4 (±1,4), clasificado como alto en todas las dimensiones. El estrés ocupacional y el engagement se correlacionaron negativamente. Conclusión: Los trabajadores presentaron altos niveles de engagement; más de un tercio presentó estrés ocupacional importante. Los trabajadores con altos niveles de estrés ocupacional tienden a tener engagement más bajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar níveis de estresse ocupacional e engagement em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal, em município de pequeno porte do interior paulista, com amostra não probabilística, de conveniência, com 85 trabalhadores. Foram utilizados três instrumentos autoaplicáveis: um elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas; Escala de Estresse no Trabalho (EET); e Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Resultados: Prevalência do sexo feminino (72,6%), 40 anos ou mais (45,9%), tempo mediano de atuação na atenção primária de 4 anos e 4 meses. Trinta e um trabalhadores (36,5%) apresentaram estresse importante (escores ≥2,5). Engagement apresentou médias de 4,1 (±1,2) a 4,4 (±1,4), classificado como alto em todas as dimensões. Estresse ocupacional e engagement se correlacionaram negativamente. Conclusão: Os trabalhadores apresentaram altos níveis de engagement; mais de um terço apresentou estresse ocupacional importante. Trabalhadores com elevados níveis de estresse ocupacional tendem a ter engagement mais baixo.

Caregiver burden and stress in psychiatric hospital admission / A sobrecarga do cuidador e o estresse na admissão de um hospital psiquiátrico / La sobrecarga del cuidador y el estrés en la admisión de un hospital psiquiátrico

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the relation between sociodemographics factors, stress and burden of care of family caregivers of patients at a psychiatric hospital admission. Method: quantitative study, with a cross-sectional correlation design. A total of 112 family caregivers participated, older than 18, in a Brazilian psychiatric hospital. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect data, the Zarit Burden Interview and LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory. Results: burden of care in family caregivers at a psychiatric hospital admission was significantly associated with stress (p=0.000). The psychological symptoms of stress predicted severe burden. Most caregivers presented a moderate or severe burden, with 52.7% in the resistance phase of stress; 66.1% presented psychological symptoms. Conclusion: results show the alarming situation of caregivers of patients from a psychiatric hospital, evidencing their own vulnerability to illness. Indeed, the during admission in a psychiatric hospital, not only patients need care, but also their caregivers.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre fatores sociodemográficos, estresse e sobrecarga de cuidado de cuidadores familiares na internação de pacientes em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudo quantitativo, com desenho de correlação transversal. Um total de 112 cuidadores familiares participaram do estudo, maiores de 18 anos, em um hospital psiquiátrico brasileiro. Um questionário sociodemográfico, o Zarit Burden Interview e o LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory foram usados para a coleta de dados. Resultados: a carga de cuidado dos familiares cuidadores em internação no hospital psiquiátrico foi significativamente associada ao estresse (p=0,000). Os sintomas psicológicos do estresse previam uma sobrecarega. A maioria dos cuidadores apresentava sobrecarga moderada ou grave, com 52,7% na fase de resistência ao estresse, e 66,1% apresentavam sintomas psicológicos. Conclusión: os resultados mostram a situação alarmante dos cuidadores de pacientes na admissão ao hospital psiquiátrico, evidenciando sua própria vulnerabilidade à doença. De fato, a internação em um hospital psiquiátrico não requer cuidados apenas para o paciente, mas também para os cuidadores familiares.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre los factores sociodemográficos, el estrés y la carga de atención de los cuidadores familiares en el ingreso de pacientes en un hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudio cuantitativo, con diseño de correlación transversal. Participaron 112 cuidadores familiares, mayores de 18 años, en un hospital psiquiátrico brasileño. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Zarit Burden Interview y el LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory. Resultados: la carga de atención de los cuidadores familiares en el ingreso al hospital psiquiátrico se asoció significativamente con el estrés (p=0,000). Los síntomas psicológicos del estrés predijeron una carga severa. La gran parte de los cuidadores presentaron una carga moderada o grave, con un 52,7% en la fase de resistencia del estrés, y el 66,1% presentó síntomas psicológicos. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la situación alarmante de los cuidadores de pacientes en el ingreso al hospital psiquiátrico, evidenciando su propia vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad. De hecho, el ingreso al hospital psiquiátrico no requiere cuidado solamente al paciente, sino también a los cuidadores familiares.

Construct validation: coping with HIV/AIDS in Primary Health Care / Validación de constructo: enfrentamiento del VIH/SIDA en la Atención Primaria de Salud / Validação de constructo: enfrentamento do hiv/aids na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the construct and measure the trustworthiness of a questionnaire aimed at assessing HIV/AIDS coping actions developed by health professionals in Primary Health Care. Method: A methodological study carried out with 397 primary health care professionals in two municipalities in the Northeast region of Brazil. The construct validity was developed by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and the reliability analyzed by the reliability and reproducibility. Results: The validation determined six factors retention that composed the six domains of the questionnaire. Internal consistency was 0.91 and quality of the confirmatory analysis adjustment was 0.998 for Goodness of Fit Index. The domains presented Kappa values between 0.833 and 0.997. Conclusions: The final questionnaire was composed of 18 items and presented feasibility of application, and potential to evaluate actions for HIV/AIDS control in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Validar el constructo y medir la fiabilidad de un cuestionario orientado a evaluar las acciones de enfrentamiento del VIH/SIDA, desarrolladas por los profesionales de salud en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: Estudio metodológico realizado con 397 profesionales de salud de la Atención Primaria en dos municipios de la región del Nordeste de Brasil. La validad del constructo fue desarrollada por el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, y la fiabilidad analizada por la confiabilidad y reproducibilidad. Resultados: La validación determinó la retención de seis factores que constituyeron los seis ámbitos del cuestionario. La consistencia interna fue 0,91 y la calidad del ajuste del análisis confirmatorio fue 0,998 para el Goodness of Fit Index. Los dominios presentaron valores de Kappa entre 0,833 y 0,997. Conclusiones: El cuestionario final fue compuesto por 18 elementos, presentó viabilidad de aplicación y potencial para evaluar las acciones de control al VIH/SIDA en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar o constructo e mensurar a fidedignidade de questionário voltado para avaliar as ações de enfrentamento do HIV/Aids, desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado com 397 profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária em dois municípios da região do Nordeste do Brasil. A validade de constructo foi desenvolvida pela análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, e a fidedignidade analisada pela confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. Resultados: A validação determinou a retenção de seis fatores que compuseram os seis domínios do questionário. A consistência interna foi 0,91 e a qualidade do ajustamento da análise confirmatória foi de 0,998 para Goodness of Fit Index. Os domínios apresentaram valores de Kappa entre 0,833 a 0,997. Conclusões: O questionário final foi composto por 18 itens, apresentou viabilidade de aplicação e potencial para avaliar as ações de controle ao HIV/Aids na Atenção Primária à Saúde.